Estudio descriptivo de mortalidad en sobrevivientes de tortura y prisión política en el período de la dictadura militar en Chile, 1973-1990

Background: Studies on the long-term consequences of torture in survivors in Chile have only addressed the consequences for mental health, leaving aside the physical consequences. Aim: To report the causes of death in the universe of victims of the Chilean civic-military dictatorship recognized by the Reports of the National Commission for Political Prison and Torture (CNPPT) and the Advisory Commission for the qualification of Disappeared Detainees, Politically Executed individuals and Victims of Political Prison and Torture. Material and Methods: The causes of death, age at the time of death, sex, political context of death and opportunity of repair up to June 2016 are described in 38,254 victims of the Chilean civic-military dictatorship. Results: Of the universe of 38,254 victims, 9,152 (23.9%) died until June 2016. The median age at death was 68 years. The main causes of death were malignant tumors in 28%, cardiovascular diseases in 27%, respiratory diseases in 10%, digestive diseases in 9% and external causes in 8%. Conclusions: These results can inform prevention and treatment strategies for victims of the Chilean dictatorship.

Resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp aislada de alimentos de origen animal para consumo humano / Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp isolated animal food for human consumption

Analizar la información disponible sobre la resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos de Salmonella spp de alimentos de origen animal para consumo humano en América Latina. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios epidemiológicos observacionales realizados en América Latina entre los años 2003 y 2014 enlas bases de datos PubMed y LILACS. Se excluyeron estudios realizados como parte de estudio de brotes o casos de infecciones en humanos. Tres revisores de forma independiente participaron en la selección de estudios. Además, se realizó la evaluación de calidad a los estudios incluidos. Resultados. Un total de 25 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios incluidos fueron realizados en Brasil, México, Colombia, Argentina y Venezuela. Los aislamientos de Salmonella spp se obtuvieron principalmente de alimentos de origen avícola, porcino y vacuno, siendo Salmonella typhimurium y Salmonella enteritidis los serotipos que se aislaron con mayor frecuencia (17 y 11 estudios, respectivamente). En 23 de los estudios, Salmonella spp fue resistente a más de un antibiótico, incluyendo ácido nalidíxico, estreptomicina, tetraciclina, cloranfenicol, ampicilina, trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, gentamicina, ciprofloxacina y cefalosporinas. Conclusiones. Los aislamientos de Salmonella spp obtenidos de alimentos de origen animal para consumo humano en los países analizados presentan con frecuencia resistencia a múltiples antibióticos. Es importante que más países en América Latina realicen y publiquen estudios sobre la resistencia de Salmonella spp para establecer y monitorear estrategias de control adecuadas...

To analyze all information available on antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella species isolated from foods of animal origin that are used for human consumption in Latin America. Materials and methods. A systematic review of observational epidemiological studies conducted in Latin America between 2003 and 2014 was carried out using the PubMed and LILACS databases. Studies conducted as part of analyses of outbreaks or cases of human infection were not included. Three reviewers independently participated in the study selection. Additionally, the studies included underwent quality assessment. Results. A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included were conducted in Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, and Venezuela. Salmonella spp. isolates were obtained mainly from animal-based foods derived from cattle, swine, and poultry, revealing that Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidis were the most frequently isolated serotypes (17 and 11 studies, respectively). In 23 studies, Salmonella spp. Showed resistance to more than one antibiotic, including nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and cephalosporins. Conclusions. Salmonella spp. Isolates obtained mainly from animal-based foods for human consumption in the countries analyzed often show resistance to several antibiotics. It is important that more countries in Latin America carry out and publish studies on Salmonella spp. resistance in order to establish and monitor adequate control strategies...

Cardiovascular Research Publications from Latin America between 1999 and 2008. A Bibliometric Study / Publicações de Pesquisas Cardiovasculares da América Latina entre 1999 e 2008. Um Estudo Bibliométrico

Background: Cardiovascular research publications seem to be increasing in Latin America overall. Objective: To analyze trends in cardiovascular publications and their citations from countries in Latin America between 1999 and 2008, and to compare them with those from the rest of the countries. Methods: We retrieved references of cardiovascular publications between 1999 and 2008 and their five-year post-publication citations from the Web of Knowledge database. For countries in Latin America, we calculated the total number of publications and their citation indices (total citations divided by number of publications) by year. We analyzed trends on publications and citation indices over time using Poisson regression models. The analysis was repeated for Latin America as a region, and compared with that for the rest of the countries grouped according to economic development. Results: Brazil (n = 6,132) had the highest number of publications in1999-2008, followed by Argentina (n = 1,686), Mexico (n = 1,368) and Chile (n = 874). Most countries showed an increase in publications over time, leaded by Guatemala (36.5% annually [95%CI: 16.7%-59.7%]), Colombia (22.1% [16.3%-28.2%]), Costa Rica (18.1% [8.1%-28.9%]) and Brazil (17.9% [16.9%-19.1%]). However, trends on citation indices varied widely (from -33.8% to 28.4%). From 1999 to 2008, cardiovascular publications of Latin America increased by 12.9% (12.1%-13.5%) annually. However, the citation indices of Latin America increased 1.5% (1.3%-1.7%) annually, a lower increase than those of all other country groups analyzed. Conclusions: Although the number of cardiovascular publications of Latin America increased from 1999 to 2008, trends on citation indices suggest they may have had a relatively low impact on the research field, stressing the importance of considering quality and dissemination on local research policies. .

Fundamento: As publicações sobre pesquisa cardiovascular parecem estar crescendo na América Latina em geral. Objetivo: Analisar as tendências nas publicações cardiovasculares e suas citações de países na América Latina entre 1999 e 2008, e compará-las àquelas dos demais países. Métodos: Recuperamos, a partir da base de dados Web of Knowledge, as referências de publicações cardiovasculares entre 1999 e 2008 e as suas citações cinco anos após publicação. Para os países da América Latina, calculamos o número total de publicações e seus índices de citação (número total de citações dividido pelo número de publicações) por ano. Analisamos as tendências das publicações e dos índices de citação ao longo do tempo usando modelos de regressão de Poisson. A análise foi repetida para a América Latina como região e comparada àquela para os demais países agrupados de acordo com o desenvolvimento econômico. Resultados: O Brasil (n = 6.132) apresentou o mais alto número de publicações no período 1999-2008, seguindo-se Argentina (n = 1.686), México (n = 1.368) e Chile (n = 874). A maioria dos países apresentou elevação do número de publicações ao longo do tempo, principalmente Guatemala (36,5% anual [IC 95%: 16,7%-59,7%]), Colômbia (22,1% [16,3%-28,2%]), Costa Rica (18,1% [8,1%-28,9%]) e Brasil (17,9% [16,9%-19,1%]). No entanto, as tendências dos índices de citação variaram muito, de -33,8% a 28,4%. De 1999 a 2008, as publicações cardiovasculares na América Latina aumentaram em 12,9% (12,1%-13,5%) por ano. Entretanto, os índices de citação da América Latina aumentaram 1,5% (1,3%-1,7%) por ano, um aumento menor do que aqueles dos demais grupos de países analisados. Conclusões: Embora o número de publicações cardiovasculares da América Latina tenha aumentado de 1999 a 2008, tendências nos índices de citação sugerem que elas possam ter tido um impacto relativamente baixo na área de pesquisa, reforçando a importância de se considerar a qualidade e a disseminação ...